【by】的翻译、意思

时间: 2025-01-25 21:08:50

【by】怎么读

美：[baɪ]

英：[baɪ]

【by】是什么意思、字义解释

1. prep. 通过；被；依据；经由；在附近；在……之前

2. adv. 通过；经过；附近；[互联网] 白俄罗斯的国家代码顶级域名

【by】等级考试

CET4   TEM4   

【by】的详细解释

英文单词学*与分析：[by]

  1. 基本定义：

    • 字面意思：该单词“by”通常表示“在……旁边”、“通过”或“被”。
    • 词性：主要为介词，亦可用作副词。

  2. 词源与起源：

    • 词源分析：该词源自古英语“bī”，意为“在……旁边”。其词根没有明显的前缀和后缀，直接表示一种位置或方式。

    • 历史背景：该词在英语文献中的首次使用可以追溯到早期的英语文本，具体出处难以确认，但在《贝奥武夫》等古英语作品中已可见其身影。

    • 课本：在**教材中，初中和高中英语课本中常会出现“by”这个词，在牛津和美国的教材中，通常在小学高年级和初中阶段引入。

  3. 使用场景：

    • 正式与非正式语境：

      • 正式：在商务邮件中，常用“by [date]”表示截止日期，如“Please submit your report by Friday.”（请在星期五之前提交你的报告。）
      • 非正式：在日常交流中，常用“by the way”引入新话题，如“By the way, did you see the new movie?”（顺便问一下，你看过那部新电影吗？）

    • 特殊场合：

      • 法律：在法律文本中，“by”常指“由……所做”或“被……”，如“by law”表示“根据法律”。
      • 科学：在科学文献中，常用“by means of”表示“通过……方式”，如“The experiment was conducted by means of quantitative analysis.”（实验是通过定量分析进行的。）

  4. 示例句子：

    1. The book was written by J.K. Rowling.
      • 这本书是由J.K.罗琳写的。
    2. We traveled by train to the city.
      • 我们乘火车去城市。
    3. By the time we arrived, the party had started.
      • 到我们到达时，聚会已经开始了。
    4. She lives by the river.
      • 她住在河边。
    5. By all means, feel free to ask questions.
      • 如果有任何问题，请随时提问。

  5. 同义词与反义词：

    • 同义词：
      • “through”（通过）：强调经过某个地方的动作，如“walk through the park”（穿过公园）。
      • “near”（靠近）：强调位置的接近性，如“near the school”（靠近学校）。
    • 反义词：
      • “against”（反对、靠着）：表示相对位置或对立，如“lean against the wall”（靠着墙）。
      • “without”（没有）：表示缺少，如“without help”（没有帮助）。

*. *学方法**：

  • 音标记忆法：/baɪ/，可以联想成“bye”，表示告别，帮助记忆这个词的使用场合和语境。
  • 谐音联想记忆：可以联想“拜”，如“拜访”，表示通过某种方式到达某地，帮助理解“by”的含义。
  1. 关联词汇：
    • 常与“by”一起使用的词汇包括：
      • “by the way”（顺便说一下）
      • “by means of”（通过……方式）
      • “by chance”（偶然）
      • “by mistake”（错误地）
      • “by heart”（熟记）

通过这些分析和示例，可以更全面地理解和使用“by”这个单词。

【by】例句

1、[PREP] If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it. 被

  1. 例：The feast was served by his mother and sisters.宴席由他的母亲和姐妹们招待。

  2. 例：I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism.我为他们的无礼和职业精神的缺乏所震惊。

2、[PREP] If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it. 由…创作

  1. 例：A painting by Van Gogh has been sold in New York for more than eighty-two million dollars.一幅由梵高创作的画在纽约卖到超过八千二百万美元。

3、[PREP] If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing. 以…方式

  1. 例：If you're travelling by car, ask whether there are parking facilities nearby.如果你开汽车旅行，问问附近是否有停车设施。

4、[[PREP -ing]] If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing. 通过

  1. 例：Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan.通过将乳酪和高汤一起放在平底锅里煮来制作调味料。

  2. 例：The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world.全部由女性组成的游艇船员通过首次环球航行而创造了历史。

5、[PREP] You use by in phrases such as "by chance" or "by accident" to indicate whether or not an event was planned. 由于

  1. 例：I met him by chance out walking yesterday.昨天出去散步时我无意中遇到了他。

  2. 例：He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake.他误拆了英格丽德的信。

6、[[adj/n PREP n]] If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into. 就…而言

  1. 例：I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature.我的确幸运有一位仁慈的妻子，她天生富有爱心。

  2. 例：She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women.她是护士出身，现在经营着一家针对女性的咨询服务公司。

7、[PREP] If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something is the case by particular standards, it is the case according to the standards. 根据

  1. 例：Pharmacists are required by law to give the medicine prescribed by the doctor.根据法律，药剂师被要求只配医生开列的药。

8、[PREP] If you say what someone means by a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to. 通过 (说某词或某话)

  1. 例：Stella knew what he meant by "start again."斯特拉知道他说“再次开始”是什么意思。

9、[PREP] If you hold someone or something by a particular part of them, you hold that part. 通过

  1. 例：He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around.他抓住她的肩膀，使她转过身。

  2. 例：She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor.她被抓着胳膊带到走廊另一头的一个小屋里。

10、[PHRASE] If you are by yourself, you are alone. 独自地

  1. 例：...a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner.…一个独自坐在角落里的、深色头发的男子。

11、[PHRASE] If you do something by yourself, you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you. 独立地

  1. 例：I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.我不知道是否能独立抚养一个孩子。

12、[PREP] Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it. 在…旁边

  1. 例：Judith was sitting in a rocking chair by the window.朱迪丝坐在窗边的摇椅上。

  2. 例：Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine.费利西蒂·马克斯韦尔站在吧台旁，叫了一杯葡萄酒。

13、[[ADV after v]] By is also an adverb. 在旁边

  1. 例：Large numbers of security police stood by.许多秘密警察站在旁边。

14、[[v PREP n]] If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping. 经过

  1. 例：A few cars passed close by me.几辆车从我近旁驶过。

15、[[ADV after v]] By is also an adverb. 经过

  1. 例：The bomb went off as a police patrol went by.炸弹在巡警队经过时爆炸了。

16、[PREP] If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time. 暂时 (拜访)

  1. 例：We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove.我们已安排好顺道去她在太平洋路的家拜访。

17、[[ADV after v]] By is also an adverb. 暂时地

  1. 例：I'll stop by after dinner and we'll have that talk.晚餐后我会过来待会儿，我们可以谈谈那件事。

18、[PREP] If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time. 到…时; 在…之前

  1. 例：By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel.他八点前已到了我住的旅馆。

19、[PREP] If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night. 在…期间

  1. 例：By day a woman could safely walk the streets.白天，妇女可以安全地在街上走。

20、[[PREP num]] In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum. 用于乘除法中

  1. 例：...an annual rate of 22.8 percent (1.9 multiplied by 12).…每年22.8％的比率（1.9乘以12）。

21、[[PREP num]] You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction. 表示面积尺寸

  1. 例：Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2½ metres.3名囚犯共住一间3米长2.5米宽的小牢房。

22、[[PREP amount]] If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost. (表示数量、程度等) 以…之差

  1. 例：Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year.暴力犯罪自去年以来已上升了10％。

23、[[PREP 'the' n]] Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities. 按…计算

  1. 例：Packages arrived by the dozen from America.成打的包裹从美国寄来。

24、[[n PREP n]] You use by in expressions such as "minute by minute" and "drop by drop" to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once. 表示循序渐进的速度

  1. 例：His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.他父亲的记忆力开始一点点衰退，变得越来越健忘。