【penalty】的翻译、意思
时间: 2025-01-25 20:58:03【penalty】怎么读
美:['pɛnəlti]
英:['pen(ə)ltɪ]
【penalty】是什么意思、字义解释
1. n. 罚款,罚金;处罚
【penalty】的详细解释
英文单词学*与分析:[penalty]
1. 基本定义
- 字面意思:Penalty 指某种惩罚或处罚,通常是针对违反规则或法律的行为。
- 定义:Penalty refers to a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract. It can also refer to a disadvantage or loss incurred as a result of an action.
- 词性:名词(noun)
2. 词源与起源
- 词源分析:Penalty 源自拉丁语 "poena",意为“惩罚”。它通过古法语 "penalite" 转入英语,形成了现代的形式。
- 历史背景:该词在英语中首次出现于中世纪,常用于法律和军事文献中,反映了社会对规范和惩罚的重视。
- 课本:在**的教材中,"penalty" 常见于高中英语课本,尤其是与法律、道德相关的单元。在牛津和美国的教材中,通常出现在法律、伦理和社会科学的相关教材中,适合高中及大学生。
3. 使用场景
-
正式与非正式语境:
- 正式:在法律文件或合同中,"penalty" 用于描述违反合约的后果。例如:“The contract stipulates a penalty for late delivery.”
- 非正式:在日常交流中,比如讨论**比赛时,“The team faced a penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct.”
-
特殊场合:
- 法律:在法律上下文中,"penalty" 通常指法庭判决的结果,如:“The penalty for theft can include imprisonment.”
- 体育:在体育比赛中,"penalty" 指罚球或罚款,例如:“The player received a penalty for a foul.”
4. 示例句子
-
The penalty for speeding can be quite severe.
超速的处罚可能非常严厉。 -
He accepted the penalty imposed by the referee.
他接受了裁判施加的处罚。 -
The law includes a penalty for non-compliance.
该法律对不遵守者包括处罚。 -
She faced a hefty penalty for her late tax return.
她因晚交税表面临重罚。 -
They were given a penalty shot after the foul.
他们因犯规获得了罚球机会。
*. The penalty for fraud can lead to a long prison sentence.
诈骗的处罚可能导致长时间的监禁。
-
The company incurred a penalty for violating environmental regulations.
该公司因违反环境法规而遭受罚款。 -
He was aware of the penalties before committing the crime.
他在犯罪前知道会面临惩罚。 -
The athlete was banned for a doping penalty.
该**员因兴奋剂处罚被禁赛。 -
The penalty clause in the contract was heavily debated.
合同中的罚款条款被广泛讨论。
5. 同义词与反义词
-
同义词:
- Punishment:更一般的惩罚概念,可以是法律或道德上的。
- Fine:特指金钱上的处罚,通常与法律相关。
- Sanction:可以指惩罚,也可以指对某种行为的许可或授权。
-
反义词:
- Reward:奖励,与惩罚相对,表示对良好行为的积极回应。
- Exemption:豁免,表示从惩罚或责任中被免除。
. 学方法教学
- 音标记忆法:学* "penalty" 的音标为 /ˈpɛnəlti/。可以通过分音节的方式来记忆,例如 "pen" + "al" + "ty"。
- 词根记忆法:理解 "pen" 关联的拉丁词根意为“惩罚”,帮助记住整体含义。
- 谐音联想记忆:可以联想 "pen"(笔)+ "alty"(类似于“惩罚”的发音),想象用笔记录处罚的情景。
7. 关联词汇
- 罚款(fine)
- 惩罚(punishment)
- 违规(violation)
- 规则(rule)
- 合约(contract)
- 法律(law)
- 禁止(prohibition)
- 惩戒(sanction)
使用这些方法和技巧能够帮助更好地掌握 "penalty" 这个单词及其用法。
【penalty】例句
1、[N-COUNT] A penalty is a punishment that someone is given for doing something which is against a law or rule. 刑罚
例:One of those arrested could face the death penalty.那些被捕之人其中的一个可能会面临死刑。
2、[N-COUNT] In sports such as football, American football, and hockey, a penalty is a disadvantage forced on the team that breaks a rule. (体育比赛中的) 罚球
例:Referee Michael Reed had no hesitation in awarding a penalty.裁判迈克尔·里德毫不犹豫地判了罚球。
3、[N-COUNT] Thepenalty that you pay for something you have done is something unpleasant that you experience as a result. 惩罚
例:Why should I pay the penalty for somebody else's mistake?我为什么要为别人的错误而接受惩罚呢?